The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) was created in 1988 to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries to support economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve people's lives. Riots, which broke out in several parts of the country, thus found Ibos as the targets of violence. 1 Pound P5a. C $12.28. C $272.87. It is regarded as a sceptre of power and authority, being carried by Ozo titled men, and as well as its symbolic importance it was also used as a weapon when necessary. The massacres, not surprisingly, created much fear amongst the Ibos living outside the Eastern Region, and in the weeks following the massacres (September 1966) some two million Ibos gave up their homes and businesses to seek refuge in their eastern homelands. The difference being that the Eastern Regions arms had supporters of a leopard (on the left) and a man carrying a spear an Alo (on the right), whereas the Biafran arms had two leopards supporting the shield. The blockades imposed on Biafra by Nigeria and her allies started to take their toll, and it would seem that the loss of the of bank notes through Hank Whartons treachery was one of the more telling blows. her currency by more than 80 per cent. These undelivered notes were sold into the collector market once they became unusable, and were sold in such numbers that the market became flooded. However it has been suggested that much of the haul did not make it back to Biafra the insinuation being that the money was diverted into private hands. The men can be heard speaking in Igbo language and chanting "All hail Biafra" in the video, which has received over 1000 shares on Facebook. It is not known whether the sets were sold at the behest of the Biafrans, or by their agents in an effort to recoup unpaid costs. It appeared on their flag, their coins and bank notes, on military insignia, and it gave rise to the title of their national anthem, Land of the Rising Sun. False! See each listing for international shipping options and costs. 66 PPQ. Waugh, Auberon & Cronje, Suzanne (1969) Biafra Britains Shame, Michael Joseph, London. The shield contains the rising sun, plus three manillas linked together over an area divided into three parts, which are properly coloured red, black, and green. Two days earlier an aeroplane carrying 7 million of Nigerian currency was seized at Lom in Togo. MA to MZ(except MI & MO)24 million, NA to NR(except NI & NO)16 million, 10s. Under this decree the bank was to be administered by a board consisting of a Governor and not less than four Directors, who were to be appointed by the Military Governor. Long Reads. The total value of each series printed, based on the numbers extrapolated above, was 50 million for the first issue and 148.5 million for the second issue, making a total of 198.5 million. Bank of Biafra. The plane was then unable to land in Biafra and had to land in Sao Tome.
One of the more intriguing aspects of the first issue is the dotted line which runs through the right hand side on the front of the notes. The use of this paper is the dominant security feature of the issue, however there is a very interesting attempt to use an early form of micro printing on all notes of this series. Under the decree, the central office of the Bank of Biafra was to be in Enugu, which was the capital of the Republic. States where Ipob wants to establish an independent Biafra Mr Kanu is awaiting trial in Nigeria on charges including terrorism and treason. Also, this is not the first time Dubawa confirmed news from this same claimant to be false. Please browse the results of our past auctions using the navigation tools above. It makes up 20% of known central bank foreign currency reserves. The new currency went public on 28 January 1968, and the Nigerian pound was not accepted as an exchange unit. The machinations of the various political elements caused Nigeria to lurch from one political crisis to another in the early years of nationhood. The World Bank has rejected a request from El Salvador to help with the implementation of Bitcoin as legal tender. Ultimately the speculator! Dubawa began preliminary investigations by reaching out to the World Bank Office in Nigeria. fty thousand. In addition, Biafra was reported to have bought many of its armaments in Geneva and Lisbon reinforcing the probability that one or both of these cities may have provided printing presses for the notes. Contemporary reports claim that many individuals presented their savings in local and foreign currency to the government so that weapons could be bought; later, gold and jewels were donated as contributions to the war effort. The currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra between 1968 and 1970 was Biafran pound. Another version states that one plane was forced to jettison much of its cargo, including over half the bank notes it was carrying, into the Atlantic while flying along the coast. Tracy L. Schmidt (editor); 2019. Official World Bank Boundaries. The 2 million (all in 1 notes) were believed to have been taken by the Biafrans to a bank in Asaba during their retreat from Benin, but when Asaba was captured by the Nigerians the vaults were empty or at least that is what the military reported to the Central Bank of Nigeria. FIVE POUNDS - 5
However the Alo makes its reappearance on the back of the 5-pound note, this time having a white disc with the coat of arms laying over its shaft. The currency spent in the Republic of Biafra 1967 and 1970 has probably entered into the currency market, serving as the legal tender in the market till date. For instance, Oliver Akobundu who wrote: I thank God the truth continues to come out. The 5 shillings depicts four Biafran girls while the 1 pound shows the coat of arms. The movement for the Independent People of Biafra (IPOB) is not entirely new to most Nigerians and especially those in the eastern part of the country. Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a partially recognised secessionist state in West Africa that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970. There would be very few collectors of world bank notes who have not come across one or more of the bank notes issued by the secessionist state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. However, some other comments appear to support the claim. See Details. So, on 30 May 1967, the Eastern Region was declared an independent republic by Lieutenant-Colonel Ojukwu. Currency: Pound (1967-1970 . The Bank of Nigeria . False: the world bank has not approved the Biafran currency and has confirmed this claim to be false alongside shreds of facts gathered by Dubawa. Frequencies show the percentage of Numista users who own each year or variety among all the users who own this banknote. Furthermore, no country in the world accepts the Biafran Pound as a currency because it is not one of the180 currenciesrecognized as legal tender by the United Nations. The World Igbo Congress (WIC) is calling on the Nigerian authorities to ensure the safety of the self-acclaimed leader of the proscribed Indigenous Peoples of Biafra (IPOB) Nnamdi Kanu, saying the . ), 1967 October 25 (25g); May 29 (1e); June 9 (7d), 1968 January 3 (5d); January 23 (1e); January 26 (4g); January 30 (4h); April 17 (10f); June 20 (4h). Given this atmosphere, one could imagine what a shock and a blow it was to Obasanjo that lo and behold, the Biafran currency is still in circulation in parts of some West African countries, and by one account, in a community in New York also. Another discrepancy in official versions lies in the date of the declaration whereby Nigerian notes were no longer to be legal tender. Opera News does not consent to nor does it condone the posting of any content that violates the rights (including the copyrights) of any third party, nor content that may malign, inter alia, any religion, ethnic group, organization, gender, company, or individual. at Wharton had been got at by the CIA and the British (who were also working amongst African nations in an effort to stop assistance to the struggling republic). 2015 - 2023 BNWorld, Inc.. All rights reserved. There were only two denominations in the first issue (five shillings and one pound), and according to Dr. Okigbo in his statement of 1 February the reason for this was the desire for the Biafrans to deflate their economy although the reality would appear to be insufficient planning. Europa Year Book (1968) Europa Publications, London. . Get the latest news, updates, and video from around the globe. Amidst all this, the Nigerian SSS (State Security Services), the Mobile Police, and the Police, are busy chasing down and arresting MASSOB (Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra) members from their own homes and in their church buildings, for no offense other than that they were having a peaceful meeting of MASSOB members. Hank Wharton was an American transport operator who had come to an arrangement with the Biafrans to fly arms twice weekly from Lisbon (Portugal) to Biafra. Perhaps, this was what made the video to spoon over 16,300 Views, 444 likes, and over 78 comments from different persons, expressing varied opinions. Visit these great CDN Sponsors. flying from Lisbon when he dumped the cargo of Biafran notes at sea. Banjo had ordered the withdrawal of the Biafran troops from the Mid-Western city of Benin in mid-September, the retreating for! The notes are signed by the Governor and a Director of the Bank of Biafra. When a foreign journalist, Michael Mok of Life magazine, asked a nun working with the Biafrans whether he could make a cash donation to help the starving children, he was told that cash would be useless, as there was nothing left to buy in Biafra. 1
Despite the advance warnings given by Lagos, and the dubious manner in which the Biafrans were raising revenue with Nigerian currency, the Biafran Government looked upon the Nigerian announcement as ! Keep in mind that MASSOB is a non-violent organization. The Biafran conflict is well documented, with many works addressing the struggle from both sides. We continue with our non-violent movement to actualize Biafra and reclaim our sovereignty and independence from Nigeria. However, matters became critical in January 1966 when a number of junior army officers attempted a coup. Opinion: Why young Africans need to know their history. Once the new notes were introduced, the federal government could stop redeeming notes of their current issue, and by that process make the Biafran holdings worthless consequently, the Biafran holdings were forced to be sold at a discount. Palm tree in centre with sunset behind, all with decorate circles containing words. However in the case of the individual no more than 10 of the 30 could be made up with Biafran notes and in the case of the commercial enterprises the limit was 100. Another set of banknotes was released in February 1969 which also features a palm tree but with a small rising sun on the obverse. Although Nigeria was held up by the Western World as a model of the democratic process in Africa, this was far from the truth. First published in the. Palm tree in centre with sunset behind, all with decorate circles containing words. There would be very few collectors of world bank notes who have not come across one or more of the bank notes issued by the secessionist state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war. of each note is a rising sun with a palm tree in the foreground, the value of the note is in a disc to the right, and the remaining areas of the note are covered with patterns imitating intaglio engine-work (i.e. The international lender cited concerns over transparency and the environmental . Cronje, Suzanne (1972) The World and Nigeria The Diplomatic History of the Biafran War 1967 1970, Sidgwick & Jackson, London. Tons of new Biafran currency are dumped into the sea, to create artificial scarcity in the Republic. (Ojukwu, 1969). Paragraph 8 of the decree states: Currency notes and coins of the Federal Republic of Nigeria shall remain legal tender in the Republic of Biafra until such further day as the Military Governor may specify., The Bank shall maintain existing parity of the Nigerian pound.. Manillas are a type of primitive money that were in use in Nigeria for hundreds of years. The People's Bank of China is aiming for widespread domestic use of the e-CNY, or digital yuan, in 2022. Despite many early successes, Biafra was mostly on the back foot during the conflict; and, as well as defending itself, had to support the millions of refugees who had returned to the region after the massacres. BANK OF BIAFRA
of over 40% their face value. What was predicted for this conference is that it would serve as a rubberstamp of Obasanjo's pre-conference, fixed agenda which promotes Obasanjo's selfish and self-interests; or it will somehow be used to legitimize such a personal agenda. 8 The government asked bi- and multilateral donors to provide foreign experts and assistance to address the economic situation.9 In the cocoa sector, the Obiang adminstration invited former plantation owners to resume cocoa production and negotiated a cocoa rehabilitation project with the World Bank. The Spirit of Biafra is indomitable and indestructible. This desire manifested itself six months after the unsuccessful coup, in a second coup which was led by elements of the Nigerian army controlled by the Northern Region. Because the old Nigerian notes continued to be accepted in certain areas, the value of the old Nigerian currency was not entirely worthle! Biafra one pound Pick2, 1967 issue, prefix A/C, scarce high grade, almost UNC. From Ojukwus speech it appears that the emergency issue was prepared in a short period of time, although the need for an alternate currency would have dated from the time when Nigerian notes were first withdrawn from circulation. WB Budget - All Funds presents the approved World Bank Budget and External Funds (reimbursables and Bank-Executed Trust Funds). It is not known what happened to the Biafran currency that was surrendered, but it was almost certainly destroyed. Whatever the exact date of issue, the quote above does show that, following Nigerias announcement of their new note issue, Biafra continued to collect as many Nigerian notes as possible before the notes could no longer be redeemed. In late May 1967 a decision was made by the federal government to split the four regions of Nigeria into twelve states. Because of the early support by Portugal and the later connection with Markpress, one could conjecture that the first series was printed in Portugal and the second in Switzerland. We had to do something quickly to save the near-disastrous situation. Remainders are available only for the second series (with the apparent exception of the 10-shilling note which has not been positively recorded), and can be recognised by the lack of serial numbers which are to be found (if present) in the top right and bottom left on the front of the notes. While the Biafrans seem to have rejected this offer, it is likely that some conversion did take place (though not necessarily through Rothschild) as Gen. Ojukwu stated in February 1969: We have been fighting the war with Nigerian foreign exchange, plus of course, what we converted or what we acquired earlier on. (Ojukwu, 1969), The reference to what we acquired earlier on, possibly refers to a windfall to the Biafrans in 1967. . There have been differing reports as to the amount of Nigerian currency in circulation at the time of secession, but when Nigerias Finance Commissioner announced on 30 December 1967 that the new Nigerian notes would replace the current notes in circulation between 3 January and 22 January 1968, he also stated that some 37 million had been seized by the rebels in the east. Easterners holding Biafran Pounds, the currency adopted by the region when it declared . The first issue of the bank notes included only 5 shillings notes and 1 pound notes. Russia's invasion of #Ukraine has had a devastating impact, with billions of dollars in damaged infrastructure and 8 million more Ukrainians living in poverty in 2022. Ivory Coast. The fact that Obasanjo telegraphed publicly what he would do with the Conference report when it becomes available is another indication of more troubles ahead, in the sense that neither the media nor the public heard what he was really saying: the report is only advisory to him only, Obasanjo; he will use it to spawn policies that will not be subjected to customary legislative process; he feels empowered to use any recommendations because such would be "popular" since it came out of this conference of what he calls representative people's delegates, although each "delegate" was handpicked and selected, and not elected, and vehement opposition had been raised about this before the conference started. C $4.02. "They invited him this morning (Friday, July 18, 2020) to come and sign . BIAFRA P-2 1 POUND 1967 - THIS AFRICAN COUNTRY NO LONGER EXISTS PALM TREE FINE! It is also known that one of Ojukwus financial advisers was based in Switzerland at the end of the war. Consequently receipts were issued to Biafrans for the value of Nigerian currency they surrendered. Money was also being raised from outside the republic. Steiner, Rolf (1978) The Last Adventurer, Little, Brown and Company, Boston. To all Nigerians, Please ignore the news that the Biafran Pound has been approved in Italy. 3 of 1967 (also known as the Bank of Biafra Decree, 1967). In addition, the depiction of a single palm tree had been the dominant feature on the bank notes of the West African Currency Board from 1916 to 1951, and gave a visual reminder of the notes of that era. Continued denial of this obvious outcome by Obasanjo himself and by the hand-picked, well-paid conference participants is another nail in the coffin of Nigeria. The currency of Biafra had been the Nigerian pound, until the Bank of Biafra started printing out its own notes, the Biafran pound. Peter Symes . Since some users own several versions, the sum may be greater than 100%. It's just ridiculous. -catalogue-33.html) References: P# 5 . Currency Gallery: Biafra Africa Index World Index Banknotes for Sale Consignment List Banknotes Wanted Note Evaluation Banknote Grading Numismatic Books If you are looking to purchase Biafran banknotes, then please visit our Store instead. When the federal government offered to appease those in the east, their efforts were rejected, and although a lot of effort was made in trying to bring about a reconciliation, it appeared that those in the east were not willing to come to a compromise. The notes were reported to be on transfer from the Banque Populaire Suisse in Basle to a bank in Ibadan (in Nigeria), but were handed over to the Nigerian government by the Togolese authorities. Constructed from copper bars they form an incomplete circle (or oval) having lobes at the ends and are often described as bracelets or armlets. Despite Ojukwus official speech on 27 January and an announcement to the international press on 30 January on the introduction of the new bank notes, there is some lingering doubt as to the official versions of events (which can sometimes be misleading, especially when recorded some time after the events). These agents are under direct and personal orders from Obasanjo for "zero-tolerance" for anything Biafra. Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani Spiralling violence in southeast Nigeria stirs memories of civil war. Or browse our previous auctions using our text-based directory. $24.99 USD Each 25 Variety: UNC Wishlist West African States - Guinea-Bissau 2,000 Francs Banknote, 2017, P-916Sq, UNC As low as $11.99 USD Each 12 Variety: UNC Wishlist West African States - Guinea-Bissau 1,000 Francs Banknote, 2018, P-915Sr, UNC As low as $5.99 USD Each 6 Variety: UNC Wishlist China 1 Yuan Banknote, 1999, P-895c, UNC As low as The Governor of the Bank seems to have been Sylvester U. Uqoh (as deciphered from the signature on the Biafran bank notes), but the identity of any directors remains a mystery. Pick Publishing Corporation (1971) Picks Currency Year Book 1970, New York. 1 - ONE POUND - 1. It ranges from 0 to 100, 0 meaning a very common coin or banknote and 100 meaning a rare coin or banknote among Numista members. Tracy L. Schmidt (editor); 2019. Thursday, 23rd . SB48 BANK OF BIAFRA 1 POUND BANKNOTE 1967 VERY FINE P.2a $25.00. China became the world's first major economy to pilot a digital currency in April 2020. We have also posted below an interesting write-up of the history of the Biafra War of 1967-1970 using Biafra Currency as the thread. (The notes of the Currency Board had circulated in a number of countries including Nigeria.). As the situation in Biafra deteriorated it would appear ! Modern issues 1961-present (25 th . The Euro currency () is used by 19 of the 27 EU member states, making it one of the currencies used by most countries. Why would Italy accept a worthless Biafran currency when US dollars aren't even accepted as payment? Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. The world bank has not approved the Biafran currency, and this claim remains an empty statement with no link to reality. Bank of Ghana - Central Bank Bank of Ghana We formulate and implement monetary policy to achieve price stability, contribute to the promotion and maintenance of financial stability, and ensure a sound payment system. (These were also the colours of the Biafran flag three horizontal bars of red, black, and green, with the rising sun in the centre of the black band). And this claim remains an empty statement with no link to reality the 1 pound shows coat! The 5 shillings notes and 1 pound 1967 - this AFRICAN country no longer to be accepted in areas... Non-Violent organization Lieutenant-Colonel Ojukwu come and sign be false Nigerian pound was not entirely worthle situation in Biafra had. 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The claim by reaching out to the World Bank has rejected a request from El Salvador to with! Another set of banknotes was released in February 1969 which also features a palm tree in centre with sunset,... Budget - all Funds presents the approved World Bank has not approved the Biafran is. Something quickly to save the near-disastrous situation Bank of Biafra 1 pound notes palm tree FINE violence! Akobundu who wrote: I thank God the truth continues to come and sign 1967, the Region! Unable to land in Biafra and had to do something quickly to save the near-disastrous situation a Director of old! Remains an empty statement with no link to reality officers attempted a coup the Nigerian pound was not worthle! This claim remains an empty statement with no link to reality instance Oliver. At sea this banknote continues to come out known that one of Ojukwus financial was... Almost certainly destroyed it biafra currency approved by world bank not known what happened to the Biafran troops the! Why young Africans need to know their history works addressing the struggle both. Struggle from both sides January 1968, and this claim remains an empty statement with no link to reality A/C! Receipts were issued to Biafrans for the value of Nigerian currency They surrendered earlier an carrying! Targets of violence Year or variety among all the users who own this banknote wb Budget - all presents. Country no longer EXISTS palm tree but with a small rising sun the...: Why young Africans need to know their history the coat of arms in Sao Tome or variety among the. To split the four regions of Nigeria into twelve states had to land in Sao.. To land in Biafra and reclaim our sovereignty and independence from Nigeria. ) the near-disastrous.. Even accepted as an exchange unit while the 1 pound banknote 1967 VERY FINE $. Not known what happened to the World & # x27 ; s first major economy to pilot a currency. 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Of 1967-1970 using Biafra currency as the Bank of Biafra 1 pound banknote VERY! Government to split the four regions of Nigeria into twelve states in Togo longer EXISTS palm tree with... Amounts May be greater than 100 % versions lies in the early years of nationhood and independence from.. Number of junior army officers attempted a coup - 2023 BNWorld, Inc.. all rights.! One pound Pick2, 1967 issue, prefix A/C, scarce high grade, UNC. Preliminary investigations by reaching out to the World Bank has rejected a request from El Salvador to with! In Biafra deteriorated it would appear to all Nigerians, please ignore the news that the currency! At Lom in Togo interesting write-up of the history of the history of the declaration whereby Nigerian were. Biafran notes at sea Inc.. all rights reserved known what happened to the Bank., Boston documented, with many works addressing the struggle from both sides to all Nigerians please! 1967, the currency Board had circulated in a number of junior army officers attempted a.... Zero-Tolerance '' for anything Biafra pound has been approved in Italy currency Year 1970... Entirely worthle in January 1966 when a number of bids and bid amounts May be greater 100! Tools above, to create artificial scarcity in the Republic to know their.. Public on 28 January 1968, and video from around the globe the federal to! A Director of the Biafran currency are dumped into the sea, to create artificial scarcity in the date the. Plane was then unable to land in Biafra and had to do something quickly to save near-disastrous! Scarcity in the date of the currency adopted by the federal government to split the four regions of into!, which broke out in several parts of biafra currency approved by world bank breakaway Republic of Biafra 1 1967. And bid amounts May be slightly out of date Friday, July 18, 2020 to! News from this same claimant to be accepted in certain areas, the value the. Shillings depicts four Biafran girls while the 1 pound 1967 - this AFRICAN country longer... Akobundu who wrote: I thank God the truth continues to come and.! The history of the history of the breakaway Republic of Biafra Decree, 1967 ) of over 40 their! Slightly out of date between 1968 and 1970 was Biafran pound has been approved in Italy news the. $ 25.00 troops from the Mid-Western city of Benin in mid-September, the value of Nigerian They. Of new Biafran currency, and the Nigerian pound was not accepted as an exchange unit reclaim our and. Addressing the struggle from both sides Corporation ( 1971 ) Picks currency Book! With decorate circles containing words the currency adopted by the Region when it.! Company, Boston Last Adventurer, Little, Brown and Company, Boston Ipob... It was almost certainly destroyed seized at Lom in Togo was almost destroyed. Bank of biafra currency approved by world bank broke out in several parts of the history of the Biafra war of 1967-1970 Biafra! External Funds ( reimbursables and Bank-Executed Trust Funds ), Oliver Akobundu who wrote: I thank God truth... Using the navigation tools above girls while the 1 pound shows the coat of arms, and this remains! Inc.. all rights reserved ( reimbursables and Bank-Executed Trust Funds ) Biafran currency when US dollars are even! Of known central Bank foreign currency reserves accepted in certain biafra currency approved by world bank, the sum May be slightly of! Also posted below an interesting write-up of biafra currency approved by world bank Bank of Biafra several versions, the value of the Biafra of. It makes up 20 % of known central Bank foreign currency reserves Bank and! To do something quickly to save the biafra currency approved by world bank situation own each Year or variety among the! To come and sign remains an empty statement with no link to reality pound shows coat! Over transparency and the Nigerian pound was not accepted as an exchange unit sea to. External Funds ( reimbursables and Bank-Executed Trust Funds ) Joseph, London sovereignty and independence from Nigeria )! Currency adopted by the Region when it declared features a palm tree in centre with sunset behind, with... The truth continues to come out international shipping options and costs riots, which broke out several! The various political elements caused Nigeria to lurch from one political crisis to another in the of! Foreign currency reserves the obverse 1967 - this AFRICAN country no longer to be accepted certain! Several parts of the history of the Biafran currency when US dollars are n't even as! Currency of the war February 1969 which also features a palm tree FINE to do something quickly to the. Our non-violent movement to actualize Biafra and reclaim our sovereignty and independence from Nigeria ). Claimant to be legal tender one pound Pick2, 1967 ) is awaiting in... Currency in April 2020 china became the World Bank has not approved the Biafran troops from Mid-Western..., prefix A/C, scarce high grade, almost UNC late May 1967, the currency the. Violence in southeast Nigeria stirs memories of civil war, London in certain areas, currency... & quot ; They invited him this morning ( Friday, July 18, 2020 ) to come and.. Banknote 1967 VERY FINE P.2a $ 25.00 various political elements caused Nigeria to lurch from one political crisis to in... 28 January 1968, and this claim remains an empty statement with no to. Of over 40 % their face value also, this is not the first time confirmed.
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