Phys Ther. 3 for the legend of the plots in Figs. 2011. Literature search parameters marginally improved the pooled estimate accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis. Melissa Rethlefsen receives funding in part from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001067. Imagine you are a patient with cancer and your doctor can't order your pain medication. Librarian co-authors correlated with higher quality reported search strategies in general internal medicine systematic reviews. author reply e140. To ensure adequate performance in searches (i.e., recall, precision, and number needed to read), we find that literature searches for a systematic review should, at minimum, be performed in the combination of the following four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (including Epub ahead of print), Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Our study shows that, to reach maximum recall, searches in systematic reviews ought to include a combination of databases. PubMed is a much larger database than CINAHL, but CINAHL emphasizes nursing and the allied health disciplines. Systematic review searchers should consider using these databases if they are available to them, and if their institution lacks availability, they should ask other institutes to cooperate on their systematic review searches. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. 2005 Jan 8;5:2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-5-2. Of the 11 references included in this review, one was found only in Google Scholar and one only in Web of Science. 2016;16:113. A comparison of the performance of seven key bibliographic databases in identifying all relevant systematic reviews of interventions for hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y. For the individual databases and combinations that were used in those reviews, we multiplied the frequency of occurrence in that set of 200 with the probability that the database or combination would lead to an acceptable recall (which we defined at 95%) that we had measured in our own data. These options are located throughout the Limit your results section of the page. how to send secure email attachments in gmail. We found that two databases previously not recommended as essential for systematic review searching, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were key to improving recall in the reviews we investigated. Of the five reviews that included only RCTs, four reached 100% recall if MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar combined were complemented with Cochrane CENTRAL. 2014;67:11929. We selected the domain from a pre-defined set of broad domains, including therapy, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. While it is important to be familiar with the different characteristics of CINAHL and Medline, the choice of database must also take into account the question itself as well as the type of . Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. CINAHL, a database that focuses on allied health and nursing literature, has the most articles, although most of them are descriptive articles about the Pilates method of exercise and do not include investigations that tested the claims of Pilates. endobj
Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. PubMed 2 0 obj
Nevertheless others have concluded that a single database is not sufficient to retrieve all references for systematic reviews [18, 19]. Consequently . Before MEDLINE is a great resource for medical . :p#("-!r>5"@5Ip^P|~1zsqE- @QK and transmitted securely. Google Scholar. 2013;2:115. Nursing: Indexes & Databases. The four databases that had retrieved the most unique references (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were investigated individually and in all possible combinations (see Table4). Using similar calculations, also shown in Table5, we estimated the probability that 100% of relevant references were retrieved is 23%. 1996 Jul;84(3):402-8. When the number of references from other databases was low, we expected the total number of potential relevant references to be low. J Clin Epidemiol. An overview of the broad topical categories covered in these reviews is given in Table2. Would you like email updates of new search results? The references to these reviews can be found in Additional file 1. CAS Ignoring one or more of the databases that we identified as the four key databases will result in more precise searches with a lower number of results, but the researchers should decide whether that is worth the >increased probability of losing relevant references. The topics of the reviews studied here may simply have fallen into those categories, though the diversity of the included reviews may point to a more universal applicability. All authors have approved the final manuscript. Since the introduction of the more complete MEDLINE collection Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Ovid MEDLINE, the need to separately search PubMed as supplied by publisher has disappeared. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only systematic reviews in CINAHL: Randomized controlled trials are the studies commonly used to support systematic reviews and are a high level of evidence. Review projects at Erasmus MC cover a wide range of medical topics, from therapeutic effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy to ethics and public health. 3 0 obj
Therefore, for this research, a total of 58 systematic reviews were analyzed. Although we did not use these special topic databases in all of our reviews, given the low number of reviews where these databases added relevant references, and observing the special topics of those reviews, we suggest that these subject databases will only add value if the topic is related to the topic of the database. Improvement of precision was calculated as the ratio between the original precision from the searches in all databases and the precision for each database and combination. For 55 reviews, we determined the domain. The interventions were mostly from the chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures. Subject-specific databases like PsycINFO only added unique references to a small percentage of systematic reviews when they had been used for the search. For four out of five systematic reviews that limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, the traditional combination retrieved 100% of all included references. 2005 Jan;58(1):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001. Ross-White A, Godfrey C. Is there an optimum number needed to retrieve to justify inclusion of a database in a systematic review search? Wichor M. Bramer. government site. Google Scholar. Complement Ther Med. WB has received travel allowance from Embase for giving a presentation at a conference. However, when looking at individual reviews, the probability of missing more than 5% of included references found through database searching is 33% when Google Scholar is used together with Embase and MEDLINE and 30% for the Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE combination. For example, in the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you find the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you see. However, for one review of this domain, the recall was 82%. Gale Health and Wellness offers 24/7 access to full-text medical journals, magazines, reference works, multimedia, and much more. PubMed was used to identify systematic reviews published using our search strategy results. Select an option by finding it in the list and clicking on it (it will then be highlighted). Comparing the coverage, recall, and precision of searches for 120 systematic reviews in Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar: a prospective study. Using the results in this research, review teams can decide, based on their idea of acceptable recall and the desired probability which databases to include in their searches. A comparative study of clinical end-user and librarian searches. Quick Answer: What are Boolean operators? A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and . Handwashing OR "Hand Washing" OR "Hand Rubs" OR "Hand Disinfection". Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Many articles written on this topic have calculated overall recall of several reviews, instead of the effects on all individual reviews. Registered in England & Wales No. In addition to journal articles, CINAHL includes books, book chapters, dissertations, and computer programs. In 73 of these, the searches and results had been documented by the first author of this article at the time of the last search. (DOCX 19kb). "N` ;:"Z,Ov;s90yz`
x:Na|8{4Bl9fxbRZk96L.00t4+a6.dx8Uc*$Ea=KhIn+4Byp0>*Wu$(3}sd6[J6\Lx%U Medical Library, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CS, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, You can also search for this author in Article BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. Bramer, W.M., Rethlefsen, M.L., Kleijnen, J. et al. The higher recall from adding extra databases came at a cost in number needed to read (NNR). We calculated the recall for individual databases and databases in all possible combination for all reviews included in the research. Complexity The provision of the functionality we expect of a good DBMS makes the DBMS an extremely complex piece of software. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BMR. Films Media Group serves the education community through its four brands: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Meridian Education, and Shopware. An official website of the United States government. Beyer FR, Wright K. Can we prioritise which databases to search? The aim of our research is to determine the combination of databases needed for systematic review searches to provide efficient results (i.e., to minimize the burden for the investigators without reducing the validity of the research by missing relevant references). -$P*C! 8600 Rockville Pike Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. If this resulted in extraneous results, the search was subsequently limited using a distinct part of the title or a second author name. For all but one domain, the traditional combination of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane CENTRAL did not retrieve enough included references. In this case, the number of hits from Google Scholar was limited to 100. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. Abbreviations: EM Embase, ML MEDLINE, WoS Web of Science, GS Google Scholar. 2016 Feb 9;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0197-5. Rathbone J, Carter M, Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev. Embase retrieved the most unique included references, followed by MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Objective: To review the literature on the benefits and disadvantages of clinical and medical audit, and to assess the main facilitators and barriers to conducting the audit process. A researcher wants to be able to estimate the chances that his or her current project will miss a relevant reference. This filter can be usedfind articles that are clinically-sound. On 5 January 2017, we searched PubMed for articles with the phrase systematic review in the title. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. Because precision is defined as the number of relevant references divided by the number of total results, we see a strong correlation with the total number of results. Based on the number of results per database both before and after deduplication as recorded at the time of searching, we calculated the ratio between the total number of results and the number of results for each database and combination. 2006 Jul;59(7):710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013. The CINAHL Plus with Full Text database is an unfiltered database containing over 750 nursing and allied health related journals, and indexes another 5,000. 2013 Jan 9;13:7. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-13-7. J Med Libr Assoc. Based on these, we determined the percentage of reviews where that database combination had achieved 100% recall, more than 95%, more than 90%, and more than 80%. ?lq!9!OW$2w1tp=/0 0aPz6Kx|M}97_jn{oy0@o65I>KrjPov= D@H?z`. Although Embase covers MEDLINE, it apparently does not index every article from MEDLINE. 2013;66:10517. Subirana M, Sol I, Garcia JM, Gich I, Urrtia G. J Clin Epidemiol. MEDLINE VIA PUBMED VS CINAHL Prior to starting a search, it is essential to choose the most appropriate database. 2005;51:8489. This happens, particularly with lesser-used medications and treatments. l1FcqL@Bk>>T <>
Due to the nature and distribution of the nursing literature, it is especially important for the searcher to understand and respond to the focus of the researcher. MEDLINEprovides authoritative medical information on medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences, and much more. If an included reference was not found in the EndNote file, we presumed the authors used an alternative method of identifying the reference (e.g., examining cited references, contacting prominent authors, or searching gray literature), and we did not include it in our analysis. Michaleff ZA, Costa LO, Moseley AM, Maher CG, Elkins MR, Herbert RD, Sherrington C. CENTRAL, PEDro, PubMed, and EMBASE are the most comprehensive databases indexing randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions. 2013;30:4958. For example, in 48% of all systematic reviews, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE (with or without Cochrane CENTRAL; Cochrane CENTRAL did not add unique relevant references) reaches a recall of at least 95%. disadvantages of cinahl database . As our research is performed on systematic reviews, the main performance measure is recall. Health Inf Libr J. A recent paper tried to find an acceptable number needed to read for adding an additional database; sadly, however, no true conclusion could be drawn [20]. The Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for systematic reviews of RCTs. Ws"30z@+RY{"+NTzXnnf.ote{X-C.!0rxY_K+LSA12"fDAKJtk/FQS. The reviews covered a wide variety of disease, none of which was present in more than 12% of the reviews. Limitations of electronic databases Databases may not contain the most recent references Search results from bibliographic databases depend on the search strategy used and the quality of the indexing. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Disadvantages of Databases 1. Mental Measurements Yearbook,produced by the Buros Institute at the University of Nebraska, provides users with a comprehensive guide to over 2,700 contemporary testing instruments. It is therefore important to search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations references. For the databases that retrieved the most unique included references, we calculated the number of references retrieved (after deduplication) and the number of included references that had been retrieved by all possible combinations of these databases, in total and per review. Google Scholar. In general, searches are developed in MEDLINE in Ovid (Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE, from 1946); Embase.com (searching both Embase and MEDLINE records, with full coverage including Embase Classic); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via the Wiley Interface; Web of Science Core Collection (hereafter called Web of Science); PubMed restricting to records in the subset as supplied by publisher to find references that not yet indexed in MEDLINE (using the syntax publisher [sb]); and Google Scholar. 2016;87:713. The other study from the Journal of Advanced Nursing is indexed in MEDLINE and Embase but was only retrieved because of the addition of KeyWords Plus in Web of Science. Starting with the most recent articles, we determined the databases searched either from the abstract or from the full text until we had data for 200 reviews. This implies that 17% of the reviews in the PubMed sample would have achieved an acceptable recall of 95%. Once validated and certified for inclusion, these OA journals are treated with high-quality subject indexing and sophisticated, precise/accurate full-text linking. Cite this article. This Spanish language database contains full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish. 2015;4:104. However, searching databases is laborious and time-consuming, as syntax of search strategies are database specific. Ease in terms of accessibility is another advantage of ERIC and other data bases in that they can be accessed by computer or using print indexes published monthly. MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and more. 2005;93:7480. Beckles Z, Glover S, Ashe J, Stockton S, Boynton J, Lai R, Alderson P. Searching CINAHL did not add value to clinical questions posed in NICE guidelines. PubMed Central (PMC) is a free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM). This search is then optimized. Disclaimer. . Ahntastic Adventures in Silicon Valley The contribution of databases to the results of systematic reviews: a cross-sectional study. using CINAHL alone. On this page you will learn how to limit your results in CINAHL to: The ratio between number of results per database combination and the total number of results for all databases, The ratio between precision per database combination and the total precision for all databases. J Immigr Minor Health. However, whether an article is present in a database may not translate to being found by a search in that database. Journal coverage, which spans from the 1800s to present, includes international material selected from around 2,400 periodicals in dozens of languages. WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. Lawrence DW. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The full list of the 81 unique titles in BNI when compared with any version of CINAHL and their country of publication are reproduced in Appendix S1. 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