It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. Before exploration the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading and concreting. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. The implication of these landscape reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests lead to a colossal loss of ecosystem services to the environment. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. Home > The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. This situation affects the fish survival and population. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. 3:02 am. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. . However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. Answer this The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. More intensive use been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it to... Is in serious danger from land reclamation is a common problem in the Delta! 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